Early Warning for Toxic Waters: AquaBioSens Advances Algal Bloom Detection

Unprecedented Alexandrium minutum Bloom in the Arctic Ocean

In a surprising development, the Arctic Ocean experienced an unprecedented bloom of Alexandrium minutum in 2022. Historically, the frigid waters of the Arctic were considered inhospitable to such blooms. However, rising sea temperatures and shifting ocean currents have created favourable conditions for this toxic phytoplankton. Alexandrium minutum reached the highest concentrations ever recorded in an Arctic bloom. This bloom not only threatened marine life but also posed significant risks to Indigenous communities reliant on local seafood.

Ongoing Pseudo-nitzschia Bloom Along the California Coast

Concurrently, the California coastline is grappling with an ongoing bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia (April 2025). This diatom is notorious for producing domoic acid, a potent neurotoxin responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. The current bloom has led to the closure of shellfish harvesting areas and has been implicated in the deaths of marine mammals and seabirds. Also, intoxicated sea lions have attacked surfers and swimmers causing serious injuries. The persistence and scale of this bloom underscore the need for more sensitive, real-time detection methods to mitigate its impact.

Prolonged Microcystis aeruginosa Bloom in Lake Erie

In 2024, Lake Erie experienced a notably severe and prolonged bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, a cyanobacterium known for producing the liver toxin microcystin. The bloom began on June 24—the earliest recorded since monitoring began in 2002—and persisted into November, covering approximately 550 square miles at its peak. This event disrupted local economies dependent on tourism and fishing and raised concerns about drinking water safety.

AquaBioSens: Advancing Early Detection of HABs

At AquaBioSens, we have developed molecular assays capable of detecting these harmful species at concentrations below statutory safety limits. Our assays utilize species-specific DNA signatures to ensure high specificity and sensitivity, making them ideal for on-site monitoring in both marine and freshwater environments. By providing early warning systems, our sensors empower water quality managers, aquaculture operators, and public health officials to take proactive measures to protect ecosystems and communities.
As climate change continues to alter the patterns and intensity of harmful algal blooms, innovative detection technologies like those developed by AquaBioSens are essential in safeguarding environmental and public health.